https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2024.38.01.14
Assessment of factors influencing post-operative pain: the impact of smoking habit in root canal treatments obturated with carrier-based technique and epoxy resin sealer
Smoking habit and post-endodontic pain
Accepted: 12 June 2024
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Aim: To confirm predictive factors of post-operative pain (PP) and to further explore if smoking habit may influence the incidence, intensity and evolution of PP.
Methodology: Two hundred forty-five consecutive patients requiring endodontic treatment were included and pre-operative, patient and tooth-related factors were recorded. Patients were divided in 3 categories depending on smoking habit: non-smokers/light-smokers (<10 cigarettes/day)/heavy-smokers (³10 cigarettes/day).Questionnaires recorded presence and intensity of post-instrumentation (PIP) and post-obturation pain (POP) in a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 24,48,72 hours (h), 7 days (d). Linear regression analysis determined the patient-, tooth- and treatment-related factors influencing intensity of PIP and POP at 24,48,72h, 7d after treatment. Logistic regression was used to assess variables influencing incidence of PP and need of painkillers. Linear-by-linear association test was used to assess differences in trend of intensity of PP among non-, light- and heavy-smokers at different time points.
Results: Two hundred twenty-three patients returned the questionaries. Incidence and intensity of POP were influenced by: patient-related (smoking habit, gender), tooth-related (endodontic status, size of periapical lesions), treatment-related factors (obturation quality). Heavy-smokers showed significantly higher incidence of POP (p<0.03) both 24 and 48h after treatment (OR=4.33, 95% CI 1.13-16.58 and OR=6.22, 95% CI 1.14-27.36 respectively). Different factors affected incidence and intensity of PIP/POP. Heavy-smokers had a higher incidence of PP than light and non-smokers. Smoking habit influenced intensity of POP during the first 48h after treatment.
Conclusions: Heavy smoking habit can adversely influence the intensity of post-obturation pain during the first hours after root canal treatment.
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