Submissions

Author Guidelines

To submit a new paper to our journal:

1. Register on the Journal website; we encourage you to register also as a Reviewer at the same time;
2. Follow the Guidelines for Authors below, for preparation of your manuscript;
3. Read our Editorial Policies and our Competing Interest policies.
4. Log in;
5. Click on the "NEW SUBMISSION" button to start the online procedure.

To submit a revised version:

1. Log in;
2. Click on the title of your paper;
3. Next to the heading "REVISIONS", upload your revised paper by using the "UPLOAD FILE" button;
4. Inform the Editors that a revised version has been uploaded.

Guidelines for Authors

Manuscripts should be uploaded as Word (.doc) or Rich Text Format (.rft) files (not write-protected) plus separate figure files: TIF, EPS, JPEG files are acceptable for submission. The text file must contain the abstract, main text, references, tables and figure legends, but no embedded figures or title page. The title page should be provided as a separate file. In the main text, please reference figures as for instance figure 1, figure 2 etc to match the tag name you choose for the individual figure files uploaded. Please note that manuscripts must be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscript checked by a language editing service or by a native English speaker prior to submission.

As an option, PAGEPress offers its own professional copyediting service. Professional copyediting can help authors improve the presentation of their work and increase its chances of being taken on by a publisher. In case you feel that your manuscript needs a professional English language copyediting checking language grammar and style, you can find a reliable revision service at:

Manuscript Types Accepted

Original Scientific Articles must describe significant and original experimental observations and provide sufficient detail so that the observations can be critically evaluated and, if necessary, repeated. Original Scientific Articles must conform to the highest international standards in the field.

Systematic Review Articles reconsider and bring previously published systematic reviews up to date.

Review Articles are accepted for their broad general interest; all are refereed by experts in the field who are asked to comment on issues such as timeliness, general interest and balanced treatment of controversies, as well as on scientific accuracy. Reviews should generally include a clearly defined search strategy and take a broad view of the field rather than merely summarizing the authors' own previous work. Extensive or unbalanced citation of the authors' own publications is discouraged.

Mini Review Articles are accepted to address current evidence on well-defined clinical, research or methodological topics. All are refereed by experts in the field who are asked to comment on timeliness, general interest, balanced treatment of controversies, and scientific rigor. A clear research question, search strategy and balanced synthesis of the evidence is expected. Manuscripts are limited in terms of word-length and number of figures.

Case Reports or Case Series illustrating unusual and clinically relevant observations are acceptable, but they must be of sufficiently high quality to be considered worthy of publication in the Journal. On rare occasions, completed cases displaying nonobvious solutions to significant clinical challenges will be considered. Illustrative material must be of the highest quality and healing outcomes, if appropriate, should be demonstrated.

Manuscript Format

The official language of the publication is English. It is preferred that manuscript is professionally edited. All services are paid for and arranged by the author and use of one of these services does not guarantee acceptance or preference for publication.

Authors should pay special attention to the presentation of their research findings or clinical reports so that they may be communicated clearly. Technical jargon should be avoided as much as possible and clearly explained where its use is unavoidable. Abbreviations should also be kept to a minimum, particularly those that are not standard. Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia adheres to the conventions outlined in Units, Symbols and Abbreviations: A Guide for Medical and Scientific Editors and Authors. When non-standard terms appearing three or more times in the manuscript are to be abbreviated, they should be written out completely in the text when first used with the abbreviation in parenthesis. If abbreviations are used in the text, authors are required to write full name+abbreviation in brackets [e.g. Multiple Myeloma (MM)] the first time they are used, then only abbreviations can be written (apart from titles; in this case authors have to write always the full name).

If names of equipment or substances are mentioned in the text, brand, company names and locations (city and state) for equipment and substances should be included in parentheses within the text.

The background and hypotheses underlying the study, as well as its main conclusions, should be clearly explained. Titles and abstracts especially should be written in language that will be readily intelligible to any scientist.

Structure

All manuscripts submitted to Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia should include Title Page, Abstract, Main Text, References and Acknowledgements, Tables, Figures and Figure Legends as appropriate.

Title Page should bear:

1. Title, which should be concise as well as descriptive (no more than 150 letters and spaces);
2. Initial(s) and last (family) name of each author;
3. Name and address of department, hospital or institution to which the work should be attributed;
4. Running title (no more than 30 letters and spaces);
5. Three to five key words (in alphabetical order);
6. Name, full postal address, telephone, fax number and e-mail address of author responsible for correspondence (Corresponding Author).

Abstracts should be no more than 250 words giving details of what was done: please choose Abstract for Original Scientific Articles should be no more than 250 words giving details of what was done using the following structure:

• Aim: give a clear statement of the main aim of the study and the main hypothesis tested, if any;
• Methodology: describe the methods adopted including, as appropriate, the design of the study, the setting, entry requirements for subjects, use of materials, outcome measures and statistical tests;
• Results: give the main results of the study, including the outcome of any statistical analysis;
• Conclusions: state the primary conclusions of the study and their implications. Suggest areas for further research, if appropriate. Abstract for Review Articles should be non-structured of no more than 250 words giving details of what was done including the literature search strategy.

Abstract for Systematic Review Articles should be divided into Aim, Methodology, Result, Conclusion.

• Aim: Provide an explicit statement of the main objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses;
• Methodology: Specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review, the information sources (e.g. databases, registers) used to identify studies and the date when each was last searched. Specify the methods used to assess risk of bias in the included studies and the methods used to present and synthesis of studies;
• Results: Give the total number of included studies and participants and summarise relevant characteristics of studies. Present results for main outcomes, preferably indicating the number of included studies and participants for each. If meta-analysis was done, report the summary estimate and confidence/credible interval. If comparing groups, indicate the direction of the effect (i.e. which group is favoured);
• Conclusion: Provide a brief summary of the limitations of the evidence included in the review (e.g. study risk of bias, inconsistency and imprecision) and a general interpretation of the results and important implications. Abstract for Mini Review Articles should be non-structured of no more than 250 words, including a clear research question, details of the literature search strategy and clear conclusions.

Abstract for Case Reports and Case Series should be no more than 250 words using the following structure:

• Aim: give a clear statement of the main aim of the report and the clinical problem which is addressed;
• Summary: describe the methods adopted including, as appropriate, the design of the study, the setting, entry requirements for subjects, use of materials, outcome measures and analysis if any;
• Key learning points: provide up to five short, bullet-pointed statements to highlight the key messages of the report. All points must be fully justified by material presented in the report.

The structure of the main text for original scientific articles

Introduction: should be focused, outlining the historical or logical origins of the study and gaps in knowledge. Exhaustive literature reviews are not appropriate. It should close with the explicit statement of the specific aims of the investigation, or hypothesis to be tested.

Material and Methods: must contain sufficient detail such that, in combination with the references cited, all clinical trials and experiments reported can be fully reproduced.

(I) Clinical Trials: should be reported using the CONSORT guidelines available at www.consort-statement.org. A CONSORT checklist and flow diagram (as a Figure) should also be included in the submission material.

(II) Experimental Subjects: experimentation involving human subjects will only be published if such research has been conducted in full accordance with ethical principles, including the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (version 2008) and the additional requirements, if any, of the country where the research has been carried out. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement that the experiments were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of each subject and according to the above mentioned principles. A statement regarding the fact that the study has been independently reviewed and approved by an ethical board should also be included. Editors reserve the right to reject papers if there are doubts as to whether appropriate procedures have been used. When experimental animals are used the methods section must clearly indicate that adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort. Experiments should be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the National Institute of Health (NIH) in the USA regarding the care and use of animals for experimental procedures or with the European Communities Council Directive of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC) and in accordance with local laws and regulations. All studies using human or animal subjects should include an explicit statement in the Material and Methods section identifying the review and ethics committee approval for each study, if applicable. Editors reserve the right to reject papers if there is doubt as to whether appropriate procedures have been used.

(III) Suppliers: of materials should be named and their location (Company, town/city, state, country) included.

Results: should present the observations with minimal reference to earlier literature or to possible interpretations. Data should not be duplicated in Tables and Figures.

Discussion: may usefully start with a brief summary of the major findings, but repetition of parts of the abstract or of the results section should be avoided. The Discussion section should progress with a review of the methodology before discussing the results in light of previous work in the field. The Discussion should end with a brief conclusion and a comment on the potential clinical relevance of the findings. Statements and interpretation of the data should be appropriately supported by original references.

Conclusion: should contain a summary of the findings.

Main Text of Systematic Review Articles should be divided into Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion. In the case of systematic reviews, whether with or without meta-analyses, strict adherence to the PRISMA guidelines (http://www.prisma-statement.org/) is mandatory. Additionally, authors must submit a PRISMA checklist (http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Checklist.aspx) and flowchart (http:// www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/FlowDiagram) along with the manuscript.

Main Text of Mini Review Articles should be divided into Introduction, Review and Conclusions; please note that the Conclusions section should present clear statements/recommendations and suggestions for further work. The manuscript, including references and figure legends, should not normally exceed 4,000 words.

Main Text of Case Reports and Case Series should be divided into Introduction, Report, Discussion and Conclusion. They should be well illustrated with clinical images, radiographs, diagrams and, where appropriate, supporting tables and graphs. However, all illustrations must be of the highest quality.

Important to know

Manuscript that do not conform to the general aims and scope of the Journal will be returned immediately without review. All other manuscripts will be reviewed by experts in the field (generally two referees). Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia aims to forward referees' comments and to inform the corresponding author of the result of the review process. Manuscripts will be considered for fast-track publication under special circumstances after consultation with the Editor. Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia uses double blinded review which menas that the names of the reviewers will thus not be disclosed to the author submitting a paper and the name(s) of the author(s) will not be disclosed to the reviewers. To allow double blinded review, please submit your main manuscript and title page as separate files.

Acknowledgements: Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia requires that all sources of institutional, private and corporate financial support for the work within the manuscript must be fully acknowledged, and any potential conflicts of interest noted. Grant or contribution numbers may be acknowledged, and principal grant holders should be listed. Acknowledgments should be brief and should not include thanks to anonymous referees and editors.

References: It is the policy of the Journal to encourage reference to the original papers rather than to literature reviews. Authors should therefore keep citations of reviews to the absolute minimum. References should be prepared according to the Vancouver style. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first cited in the text (not alphabetical order), and they must be identified in the text by Arabic numerals in brackets [example (34)]. References to personal communications and unpublished data should be incorporated in the text and not placed under the numbered references [Example: (Wright 2011, unpublished data) or (Wright 2011, personal communication)]. Where available, URLs for the references should be provided directly within the MS-Word document.

References

References in the References section must be prepared as follows:

1. more than three authors cite 3 authors et al. If the paper has only 4 authors, cite all authors; e.g. Prati G, Lotti M, Russo F et al.;
2. title style: please use a capital letter only for the first word of the title;
3. journal titles mentioned in the References list should be abbreviated according to the following websites:
   1. ISI Journal Abbreviations Index (https://www.library.caltech.edu/journal-title-abbreviations);
   2. Biological Journals and Abbreviations (https://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/bioscience-journal-abbreviations);
   3. Medline List of Journal Titles (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/serfile_addedinfo.html);
4. put year after the journal name;
5. never put month and day in the last part of the references;
6. cite only the volume (not the issue in brackets);
7. pages have to be abbreviated, e.g. 351-8.

We recommend the use of a tool such as EndNote or Reference Manager for reference management and formatting. EndNote reference styles can be searched for here: www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp. To ensure the correct citation format, please check your references in the PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Examples of correct forms of reference follow.

Standard journal article
(1) Somma F, Cammarota G, Plotino G, Grande NM, Pameijer CH. The effectiveness of manual and mechanical instrumentation for the retreatment of three different root canal filling materials. J Endod 2008;34:466-9.

Corporate author
British Endodontic Society - Guidelines for root canal treatment. Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 1979;16:192-5.

Journal supplement
Frumin AM, Nussbaum J, Esposito M () Functional asplenia: demonstration of splenic activity by bone marrow scan (Abstract). Blood 1979;54 (Suppl. 1):26a.

Books and other monographs

Personal author(s)
Gutmann J, Harrison JW Surgical Endodontics, 1st edn Boston, MA, USA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991.

Chapter in a book
Wesselink P Conventional rootcanal therapy III: root filling. In: Harty FJ, ed. Endodontics in Clinical Practice, (1990), 3rd edn; pp. 186-223. London, UK: Butterworth.

Published proceedings paper
DuPont B Bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immunodeficiency with an unrelated MLC compatible donor. In: White HJ, Smith R, eds. Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the International Society for Experimental Rematology; (1974), pp. 44-46. Houston, TX, USA: International Society for Experimental Hematology.

Agency publication
Ranofsky AL Surgical Operations in Short-Stay Hospitals: United States-1975 (1978). DHEW publication no. (PHS) 78-1785 (Vital and Health Statistics; Series 13; no. 34.) Hyattsville, MD, USA: National Centre for Health Statistics.

Dissertation or thesis
Saunders EM In vitro and in vivo investigations into root-canal obturation using thermally softened gutta-percha techniques (PhD Thesis) (1988). Dundee, UK: University of Dundee.

URLs
Full reference details must be given along with the URL, i.e. authorship, year, title of document/report and URL. If this information is not available, the reference should be removed and only the web address cited in the text. Smith A Select committee report into social care in the community [WWW document]. (1999) URL http://www.dhss.gov.uk/reports/report015285. html [accessed on 7 November 2003].

Tables, Figures and Figure Legends

Tables should be submitted as word format, numbered and cited in the text of the manuscript. Units of measurements must be included in the column title or in the figure legend or caption. Figure files accepted: TIF, EPS, JPEG.

• color (saved as CMYK): minimum 300 dpi;
• black and white/grays: minimum 600 dpi;
• one column width (8.0 cm) or 1.5 column widths (13.0 cm) or 2 columns widths (17.0 cm).

A different caption for each figure must be provided at the end of the manuscript, not included in the figure file. Authors must obtain written permission for the reproduction and adaptation of material which has already been published. A copy of the written permission has to be provided before publication (otherwise the paper cannot be published) and appropriately cited in the figure caption. The procedure for requesting the permission is the responsibility of the Authors; PAGEPress will not refund any costs incurred in obtaining permission. Alternatively, it is advisable to use materials from other (free) sources. Figure legends should begin with a brief title for the whole figure and continue with a short description of each panel and the symbols used; they should not contain any details of methods.

Peer-review policy

All submissions to the Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia are first checked for completeness (criteria for desk reject are available in the Guide for Authors) before being sent to an Editor, who decides whether they are suitable for peer review. If an Editor is on the author list or has a competing interest in a particular manuscript, another member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to oversee peer review. When making a decision, Editors will consider the peer-reviewed reports, but they will not be bound by the opinions or recommendations contained in them. A single peer reviewer's or the Editor's concern may result in the manuscript being rejected. Peer review reports are sent to authors along with the editorial decision on their manuscript.

Please see the About the Journal page for more information.

Authorship

All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship according to the ICMJE criteria (https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html). Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. Authorship credit should only be based on substantial contributions to i) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of data; and to ii) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and on iii) final approval of the version to be published. These three conditions must all be met. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship. General supervision of the research group is not sufficient for authorship. Any part of an article critical to its main conclusions must be the responsibility of at least one author. Authors should provide a brief description of their individual contributions.

Obligation to Register Clinical Trials (http://www.icmje.org/#clin_trials)

The ICMJE believes that it is important to foster a comprehensive, publicly available database of clinical trials. The ICMJE defines a clinical trial as any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to intervention or concurrent comparison or control groups to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome. Medical interventions include drugs, surgical procedures, devices, behavioral treatments, process-of-care changes, etc. Our journals require, as a condition of consideration for publication, registration in a public trials registry. The journal considers a trial for publication only if it has been registered before the enrollment of the first patient. The journal does not advocate one particular registry, but requires authors to register their trial in a registry that meets several criteria. The registry must be accessible to the public at no charge. It must be open to all prospective registrants and managed by a non-profit organization. There must be a mechanism to ensure the validity of the registration data, and the registry should be electronically searchable. An acceptable registry must include a minimum of data elements (http://www.icmje.org/#clin_trials). For example, ClinicalTrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov), sponsored by the United States National Library of Medicine, meets these requirements.

Protection of Human Subjects and Animals in Research

When reporting experiments on human subjects, authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013 (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects). If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, the authors must explain the rationale for their approach and demonstrate that the institutional review body explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. When reporting experiments on animals, authors should indicate whether institutional and national standards for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed. Further guidance on animal research ethics is available from the World Medical Association (2016 revision, https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-statement-on-animal-use-in-biomedical-research) and from the International Association of Veterinary Editors’ Consensus Author Guidelines on Animal Ethics and Welfare (http://www.veteditors.org/consensus-author-guidelines-on-animal-ethics-and-welfare-for-editors). When reporting experiments on ecosystems involving non-native species, Authors are bound to ensure compliance with the institutional and national guide for the preservation of native biodiversity.