Comparative Histological Analysis of Novel Bioceramic Materials with Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy in Vital Pulp Therapy: An Experimental Study

Aim: This study aimed to histologically evaluate dentin bridge formation and pulpal response following direct pulp capping using either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or Well-Root PT, with and without adjunctive diode laser (DL) application, and to assess the independent effects of DL on pulpal tissues.

Methodology: Ninety-six teeth from eight healthy adult mongrel dogs underwent Class V cavity preparation with mechanical pulp exposure. Specimens were randomly assigned to three primary groups: Group I (control) with Teflon disc placement; Group II with MTA; and Group III with Well-Root PT. Each group was further subdivided based on the application or absence of an 810 nm DL pretreatment. Histological samples were collected at 2- and 8-weeks post-treatment to assess pulpal response and dentin bridge formation.

Results: Chi-square analysis showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the control group and both MTA and Well-Root PT groups at both time points. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the MTA and Well-Root PT groups, regardless of laser application. Similarly, DL pretreatment did not produce significant differences in histological outcomes within any group.

Conclusion: From a clinical perspective, Well-Root PT represents a viable alternative to MTA for direct pulp capping. However, the application of an 810 nm diode laser did not significantly enhance regenerative outcomes for either bioceramic materials.